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Bio-Diesel
Bio-Diesel
For the car
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Bio-diesel is more lubricating than petro-diesel, hence it reduces engine problems, and increases the life and efficiency of your engine.
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The natural cleaning properties of Bio-diesel helps to clean injectors, pumps and tanks, thereby reducing the engine maintenance costs.
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Other engine-specific properties of Bio-diesel such as fuel consumption, auto ignition, power output, and engine torque are the same as those of petro-diesel.
For the environment and human health
In June 2000, representatives of the US Congress announced that Bio-diesel had become the first and only alternative fuel to have successfully completed the Tier I and Tier II Health Effects testing requirements of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990.
Health Effects Testing Program and its Results
The environmental benefits of Bio-diesel are as follows:-
• Bio-diesel combustion significantly reduces emissions:-
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Virtually no Sulphur Dioxide emissions. Due to presence of sulphur in crude oil, ...all fossil fuels emit Sulphur Dioxide. However Bio-diesel combustion does not ...emit any Sulphur Dioxide or sulphates.
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Zero net Carbon dioxide emissions; the small amounts of CO2 emitted by ...Bio-diesel combustion is re-absorbed by the increased plantation required to ...sustain the Bio-diesel raw material supply chain.
  • Significantly less Carbon monoxide and particulates emissions.
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Combustion of Bio-diesel provides more than 90% reduction in unburned hydrocarbons, and 75-90% reduction in aromatic hydrocarbons.
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There may be a slight increase or decrease in Nitrogen oxide emissions depending upon engine type.
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Production of fossil fuels is mercilessly consuming the available natural energy ...resources of our planet, whereas Bio-diesel is produced from renewable, ...non-depleting resources, and hence is kinder to mother earth
Other key advantages 
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Bio-diesel is the only alternative fuel that can run in any conventional, unmodified diesel engine.
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It can be used in “neat” form, i.e. in the form of Straight Vegetable Oil (SVO). Virtually any oil-seed producing crop is a source of Bio-diesel; this includes
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mustard, rape seeds, soy bean, castor bean, sunflower, canola, etc. The properties of oil extracted from these seeds matches those of petroleum diesel. Only the viscosity needs to be controlled, which can be done through a simple and inexpensive process.
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The raw material for Bio-diesel includes a wide range of resources, including waste cooking oils, animal fats, waste lubricants, and seeds of some trees. These resources are abundantly available in Pakistan. Being a meat-eating nation and having a taste for fried food, we use huge quantities of vegetable oils and animal fats. Similarly, being an agricultural country, we have sufficient cultivation of oil-seed crops. Of course, more is needed.
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Bio-diesel is much easier and safer to store and handle as compared to petro-diesel. It is completely bio-degradable, non-toxic, and has a much higher flash point than petroleum diesel (flash point is the temperature at which the fuel becomes a mixture and ignites when exposed to a spark or flame); the flash point of Bio-diesel is about 125°C, and that of petroleum diesel is 66°C.
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Bio-diesel has no health risks, unlike fossil fuels. In June 2000, representatives of the U.S. Congress announced that Bio-diesel had become the first and only alternative fuel to have successfully completed the Tier I and Tier II Health Effects testing requirements of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990.

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